Правила отображения пустых ячеек таблицы: свойство empty-cells.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Empty cells</title>
<style>
table {
width: 100%;
}
td, th {
border: 1px solid #999;
padding: 0.1em 1em;
empty-cells: hide;
}
.alternative {
background-color: #ddf;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<caption>Animal groups</caption>
<colgroup>
<col span="3">
<col class="alternative">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tr>
<th>Apes</th>
<th colspan="2">Cats</th>
<th style="background: #ddf;">Dogs</th>
<th>Lemurs</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gorilla</td>
<td></td>
<td>Cheetah</td>
<td style="background: #ddf;">Grey Wolf</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Lion</td>
<td>Puma</td>
<td style="background: #ddf;"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Serval</td>
<td style="background: #ddf;"></td>
<td>Red ruffed lemur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chimpanzee</td>
<td>Leopard</td>
<td>Caracal</td>
<td style="background: #ddf;">Red Fox</td>
<td>Ring tailed lemur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bonobo</td>
<td> </td><!-- a non-breaking space makes this not an empty cell -->
<td>Wild cat</td>
<td style="background: #ddf;"> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
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